Meet the Staghorn Fern

Staghorn ferns, or Platycerium, are a unique group of epiphytic ferns admired for their dramatic, antler-like fronds and sculptural form. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Guinea, these ferns thrive in warm, humid climates with temperatures ranging from 15–30°C (59–86°F).

While they naturally grow on trees, staghorns can be mounted to wood boards or hung in baskets, making them ideal for indoor and outdoor display.

Two Types of Fronds, One Stunning Plant

Shield Fronds (Nutrient Fronds)

These are the rounded, often face-like fronds that wrap around the base of the plant. As they age, they dry and turn brown—but don’t worry, that’s normal and healthy.

  • Help anchor the fern to its mount
  • Store water and nutrients
  • Perform photosynthesis
  • Protect the roots and growing point

Some species—like Platycerium willinckii, P. veitchii, and P. wandae—grow upright, forked shield fronds that resemble a crown. Others, like P. madagascariense, may lack this crown shape, especially when young.

Fertile Fronds (Spore Fronds)

These long, forked fronds grow out and down, giving the staghorn its iconic “antler” appearance. Their role is both visual and functional:

  • Capture sunlight for photosynthesis
  • Reproduce by producing spores on their undersides
  • In mature plants, spore patches (called sori) may appear and eventually fall to create new life

Growth Point (Bud)

At the center of every staghorn is its growth point—the heart of the plant. All new fronds emerge from this spot. It’s the most delicate part, and protecting it is essential to your plant’s health. If the growth point is damaged, the fern may not survive.

Growth & Colonies

Some staghorn ferns grow as solitary plants, while others can form beautiful colonies, spreading via branching rhizomes or new offshoots. In nature, given the right environment, they can even self-propagate from spores landing on nearby surfaces.

Adaptable & Resilient

While most species love humid conditions, certain types—like Platycerium veitchii—have adapted to drier climates and developed a more drought-tolerant way of surviving.

Natural Defense Strategies

Different species have evolved unique ways to protect their growth point:

  • Fuzzy Protection
    Fine hairs cover the plant, offering gentle protection from insects and physical damage. e.g., P. willinckii, P. veitchii
  • Biological Protection
    Lives in symbiosis with ants, which defend the plant from intruders. e.g., P. ridleyi
  • Hidden Bud
    The growth point is tucked beneath dense layers of shield fronds, shielding it from environmental stress. e.g., P. holttumii, P. wandae

Living Art, Rooted in Nature

Staghorn ferns are more than just houseplants—they’re living sculptures that evolve and grow over time. Whether you're just getting started or expanding your collection, understanding how they grow helps you connect with these fascinating organisms on a deeper level.